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Valve and Transistor Audio Amplifiers PDF
Picture Of the Book:
Valve and Transistor Audio Amplifiers
About Of the Book:
The book "Valve and Transistor Audio Amplifiers" by John Linsley Hood is a comprehensive guide to designing and building high-quality audio amplifiers using both valve (tube) and transistor technologies. The book covers the theory and practical aspects of audio amplifier design, including the choice of components, circuit topologies, power supplies, and construction techniques.
The book is divided into two sections: the first section covers valve amplifiers, while the second section covers transistor amplifiers. Each section includes detailed circuit diagrams and explanations, as well as examples of amplifier designs for different applications, such as guitar amplifiers and hi-fi amplifiers.
Overall, "Valve and Transistor Audio Amplifiers" is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to audio amplifier design, suitable for both beginners and experienced engineers. It provides a thorough grounding in the theory and practice of amplifier design, and is a valuable resource for anyone interested in building high-quality audio equipment.
The author, John Linsley Hood, is a well-respected audio engineer and writer with extensive experience in the design of audio equipment. In the book, he draws on his expertise to provide detailed explanations of amplifier design principles, as well as practical tips and advice for constructing high-quality amplifiers.
In the field of audio amplifiers, there has been a great interest in techniques for making small electrical voltages larger ever since mankind first attempted to transmit the human voice along lengthy telephone cables. This quest received an enormous boost with the introduction of radio broadcasts, and the resulting mass-production of domestic radio receivers intended to operate a loudspeaker output. However, the final result, in the ear of the listener, though continually improved over the passage of the years is still a relatively imperfect imitation of the real-life sounds which the engineer has attempted to copy. Although most of the shortcomings in this attempt at sonic imitation is not due to the electronic circuitry and the amplifiers which have been used, there are still some differences between them, and there is still some room for improvement. In this book, I have looked at the audio amplifier designs which have been developed over the past fifty years, in the hope that the information may be of interest to the user or would-be designer, and I have tried to explore both the residual problems in this
field, and the ways by which these may be lessened. I believe, very strongly, that the only way by which improvements in these things can be obtained by making, analyzing, and recording for future use, the results of instrumental tests of as many relevant aspects of the amplifier's electrical performance as can be devised. One must not forget that the final result will be judged in the ear of the listener, so that, when all the purely instrumental tests have been completed, and the results judged to be satisfactory, the equipment should also be assessed for sound quality, and the opinions in this context of as many interested parties as possible should be canvassed.
Listening trials are difficult to set up, and hard to purge of any inadvertent bias in the way equipment is chosen or the tests are carried out. Human beings are also notoriously prone to believe that their preconceived views will prove to be correct.
The tests must therefore be carried out on a double-blind basis, when neither the listening panel nor the person selecting one or other of the items under test know what piece of hardware is being tested.
Contents Of the Book:
CHAPTER 1
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
Electronic amplifiers are built up from combinations of active and passive
components. The active ones are those, like valves or transistors or integrated circuits,
that draw electrical current from suitable voltage supply lines and then use it to
generate or modify some electrical signal. The passive components are those, like
capacitors, resistors, inductors, potentiometers or switches, which introduce no
additional energy into the circuit, but which act upon the input or output voltages and
currents of the active devices in order to control the way they operate. Of these, the
active components are much more fun, so I will start with these...
CHAPTER 2
PASSIVE COMPONENTS
Inductors and Transformers
All conductors have inductance, and the longer the conductor, the greater this will be.
Although in the frequency range of interest in audio the amount of inadvertent
inductance due to things like connecting leads are not likely to be significant, they may
lead to occasional, unexpected, and generally unwanted, high frequency phenomena such as HF parasitic oscillation - which can spoil amplifier performance...
CHAPTER 3
VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER STAGES USING VALVES
The design of valve voltage amplifier stages is essentially a simple task by comparison
with much solid-state linear circuit design, if only because there are not many circuit
options open to the designer of valve circuits. Valves are also relatively linear in their
input/output transfer characteristics, and therefore require less in the way of circuit
design elaboration to improve the circuit performance and reduce any residual
waveform distortion...
CHAPTER 4
VALVE AUDIO AMPLIFIER LAYOUTS
In its simplest form, shown in Figure 4.1, an audio amplifier consists of an input
voltage amplifier stage (A) whose gain can be varied to provide the desired output
signal level, an impedance converter stage (ZC) to adjust the output impedance of the
amplifier to suit the load, which could be a loudspeaker, a pair of headphones, or the
cutting head in a vinyl disc manufacturing machine...
CHAPTER 5
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
The concept of feeding back into its input some part of the output signal from an
amplifying block was invented, like so many other useful ideas in the field of
electronics, by Major Edwin Armstrong, of the US Army Air Corps. His initial
intention was to use positive (i.e. signal level enhancing) feedback (PFB) to make the
electrical oscillators which were required as signal sources for radio broadcasts, but it
was soon discovered that the feeding back of an antiphase signal - signal diminishing
or negative feedback (NFB) - from the amplifier output into its input circuit also
conveyed some valuable advantages. In particular, simple NFB can reduce the extent
of any waveform distortion or noise introduced by the amplifier block, and can help to
make the frequency response of the system more uniform...
CHAPTER 6
VALVE OPERATED AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIERS
There was only a limited range of circuit options open to the audio amplifier designer
before the widespread availability and adoption of solid-state semiconductor
components, and for this reason the variety of commercially successful designs
evolved for valve operated audio power amplifiers was also fairly limited. In this
chapter I have mainly concerned myself with those circuits produced by UK
manufacturers, or those designs offered both by the valve manufacturers' laboratories
and by independent designers for home construction...
CHAPTER 7
SOLID STATE VOLTAGE AMPLIFIERS
The solid-state device technologies which are available to the amplifier designer fall,
broadly, into three categories: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and junction diodes;
junction field effect transistors (FETs); and insulated gate FETs- usually referred to
as MOSFETs (metal oxide silicon FETs), because of their method of construction.
These devices are available both in P type- operating from a negative supply Limesand N type- operating from a positive line. BJTs and MOSFETs are also available in
small-signal and larger power versions, while FETs and MOSFETs are manufactured
in both enhancement-mode and depletion-mode forms. Predictably, this allows the
contemporary circuit designer very considerable scope for circuit innovation, by
comparison with electronic engineers of the past, for whom there was only a very
limited range of vacuum tube devices...
Information Of the Book:
Title: Valve and Transistor Audio Amplifiers
Size: 8 Mb
Pages: 262
Year: 2009
Format: PDF
Language: English
Author: John Linsley Hood
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